Raster and vector are used for storing and manipulating images and graphics data on a computer. All of the major CAD software and GIS (Geographic Information Systems) packages available today are primarily based on either of the two- raster or vector graphics. A raster image uses a framework of colors known as pixels to represent images. A specific location and color value is assigned to each pixel. When editing objects or shapes, in a bitmap image, you edit pixels. Because, raster images are resolution dependent they tend to lose quality when enlarged. A raster image has pixels associated with it for all spatial locations, it is strictly limited by how big a spatial area it can represent. The total size of a two-dimensional raster image will increase by 4 times, when the spatial resolution is increased by 2 times as the number of pixels are also doubled in both X and Y dimensions. How to overcome the problem of lose quality when enlarging the image? This is where raster to vector conversion need comes in! Vector images are generally made of lines and curves defined by mathematical objects called vectors. These vector points allow the computer to connect the dots using straight and curves lines and strokes. The vector file that is produced has no jaggedness, no loss in detail and can be printed at any resolution or any size. This vector images can be scaled up or down without any loss in quality. Vector data is geometrically and mathematically associated and comes in form of lines and points. Points are stored using the coordinates, such as a two-dimensional point is stored as (x, y). Application areas for vector image formats include: 1. Company Logos 2. 3D and CAD programs 3. Specialized text effects 4. GIS systems 5. Plumbing design and detailing 6. HVAC 7. Electrical Drawings Advantages of using a vector image formats include: 1. Resolution independent 2. No jaggedness when enlarged 3. Smooth curves 4. Small file sizes
By Tia Martyn
Saturday, November 10, 2007
Repair Common Windows Errors With XP Repair Pro
XP Repair Pro is an easy to use software program that is capable of identifying over 60,000 common Window's errors and quickly and effectively repairing them. With continual updates and 24 online customer service, XP Repair Pro has made it extremely easy to repair those annoying errors and keep your computer running smoothly.
Choosing a software solution that is easy to use and effective at the same time can be a chore. That's why I'm taking out all of the leg work, and insisting that you give XP Repair Pro a try. I'm certain you'll be 100% satisified with how smoothly your computer is running after XP Repair Pro identifies the errors in your system and effectively repairs them.
XP Repair Pro is a one of a kind system that operates more efficiently and thoroughly than any other repair tool on the market. XP Repair Pro's unique technology includes a database of common errors that often plague many Windows machines. Through feedback from customers, and research, XP Repair Pro is able to fix almost every error in Windows that is caused by registry problems. It is designed to scan and repair over 60,000 different common Window's errors, and remove useless, unneeded data in the registry and other parts of your system. By organizing and compacting your registry, your computer will in turn run much faster and more stable. While there are many "registry repair tools" on the market today, all of them use complex scanning techniques to randomly scan through your system and look for missing file references, or registry references. This is not a bad thing, XP Repair Pro does this. The one thing that makes XP Repair Pro different, makes it much more effective. Our unique technology includes a database of common errors that often plague many Windows machines. Since we began, through feedback from customers, and our own research, we are able to fix almost every error in Windows that is caused by a registry problems......
By Gustavo Benitez
Choosing a software solution that is easy to use and effective at the same time can be a chore. That's why I'm taking out all of the leg work, and insisting that you give XP Repair Pro a try. I'm certain you'll be 100% satisified with how smoothly your computer is running after XP Repair Pro identifies the errors in your system and effectively repairs them.
XP Repair Pro is a one of a kind system that operates more efficiently and thoroughly than any other repair tool on the market. XP Repair Pro's unique technology includes a database of common errors that often plague many Windows machines. Through feedback from customers, and research, XP Repair Pro is able to fix almost every error in Windows that is caused by registry problems. It is designed to scan and repair over 60,000 different common Window's errors, and remove useless, unneeded data in the registry and other parts of your system. By organizing and compacting your registry, your computer will in turn run much faster and more stable. While there are many "registry repair tools" on the market today, all of them use complex scanning techniques to randomly scan through your system and look for missing file references, or registry references. This is not a bad thing, XP Repair Pro does this. The one thing that makes XP Repair Pro different, makes it much more effective. Our unique technology includes a database of common errors that often plague many Windows machines. Since we began, through feedback from customers, and our own research, we are able to fix almost every error in Windows that is caused by a registry problems......
By Gustavo Benitez
Tuesday, November 6, 2007
Business software development - key to petty business
Business software development refers to the development of explicit software programs that is used by the business organization for the successful implementation of their businesses to widen their business opportunities and prospects. Role of software in business is not to be underestimated as most of modern successful business operations are software based. With the familiarization of computers and internet all over the cosmos every business organization strives to get advantage of modern-day technology. Software effecting ticket system for rail, road and airways, billing and inventory control system for department stores etc. are burning examples of software development.
Even the petty business firms are taking advantages of Business Software development because of the extreme level of ease in operation. The credit goes to the respective software developers. IT companies are really doing a great job. Services are readily available for the business concerns from any where in the world with just a click. Great part is that one can get it customized as per requirement.
Business software development is experiencing a boom in the IT field. Developing countries are doing good business by exporting business software to developed countries. India has taken a remarkable position in the sphere of IT outsourcing. Anyone and everyone engaged in a business these days opt for creating software programs as per their business process. There is hardly any segment of business engaged in either products or services which is not availing a software aid.
Resource: Smita Mathur
Even the petty business firms are taking advantages of Business Software development because of the extreme level of ease in operation. The credit goes to the respective software developers. IT companies are really doing a great job. Services are readily available for the business concerns from any where in the world with just a click. Great part is that one can get it customized as per requirement.
Business software development is experiencing a boom in the IT field. Developing countries are doing good business by exporting business software to developed countries. India has taken a remarkable position in the sphere of IT outsourcing. Anyone and everyone engaged in a business these days opt for creating software programs as per their business process. There is hardly any segment of business engaged in either products or services which is not availing a software aid.
Resource: Smita Mathur
Sunday, November 4, 2007
Basics of Computer Game Design
Read this article and find out some of the basics of video game design for the PC platform. You'll find out some of the important stuff that any computer game designer should know.
The main things you'll find out are how web-based games compare against standalone games, and the important difference between concave and convex for 3D collision detection.
Some of the basics described can also be applied to other platforms as well.
Web-based versus Standalone Games
First let's start with some definitions.
Web-based games are games that are developed to be run within a browser, such as Firefox or Internet Explorer.
Standalone games are designed to run on their own with no significant assistance from other software.
Now let's get into the real info: how to best use each type of game.
Web-based games are of course best used for web sites. The most common format for web-based games is flash; however Java is also sometimes used but I do not recommend this language.
The best way to sell a web based game is to offer a license that allows people to change the game and promote their own site or product. Selling the source code is also possible.
Web-based games can also be used to add content to your site and provide additional incentive for people to keep visiting the site.
Standalone games on the other hand are usually developed through an IDE (Integrated Development Environment).
An IDE is basically an all-encompassing development environment, where the software code can be developed from start to finish.
The main way of generating profits from standalone games is of course selling to prospective gamers.
Standalone games can also incorporate advertising from other companies to generate additional profit, though this must be balanced with the gamers need for actual entertainment from the game.
To develop media such as graphics, sounds etc for your games you would need to use third-party tools as well as the main software development tool.
Interestingly, some tools which produce flash games can also produce stand-alone games as well from the same original code. Adobe Flash is one such tool.
Here's a final tip: Always try to look for free or possibly open source tools for programming games before considering more expensive commercial tools.
You'll be surprised at what tools you can find for free or for a very low price these days.
Difference Between concave and convex for 3D collisions
The objects you see in 3D games almost always use simpler 3D meshes to simulate collisions. This is to save on
processor usage.
Most game physics engines use convex meshes to simulate collisions between objects as well as calculate raytracing
(for instant-hit bullets, light rays etc).
Why? Because using convex meshes allows for much more optimized collision detection, rather than using concave meshes and other arbitrary meshes.
Modern engines are increasingly adding support for other types of meshes to be used in collision detection, but using convex meshes always remains the fastest method.
As a result it's important to know the difference between concave and convex. Here is the important difference, in plain language.
Concave meshes have at least one "dent", or one inward curve
Convex meshes have no inward curves.
How do you tell what is concave and what is convex?
The simplest method that I recommend is the line test.
A convex mesh will never let a straight line pass through more than two polygons, no matter where the line is drawn.
A concave mesh however allows a line to pass through two or more polygons.
What to do with more complex objects you ask?
Using simple convex geometry for collisions is fine for simple 3D objects, but sometimes you have more complicated 3D objects that need finer simulation.
The answer is simple: Use multiple convex meshes to handle collisions for complex 3D objects!
I hope you have learnt some of the essential basics on computer game design from this article. I look forward to seeing your creations.
By Damien Davidovic
The main things you'll find out are how web-based games compare against standalone games, and the important difference between concave and convex for 3D collision detection.
Some of the basics described can also be applied to other platforms as well.
Web-based versus Standalone Games
First let's start with some definitions.
Web-based games are games that are developed to be run within a browser, such as Firefox or Internet Explorer.
Standalone games are designed to run on their own with no significant assistance from other software.
Now let's get into the real info: how to best use each type of game.
Web-based games are of course best used for web sites. The most common format for web-based games is flash; however Java is also sometimes used but I do not recommend this language.
The best way to sell a web based game is to offer a license that allows people to change the game and promote their own site or product. Selling the source code is also possible.
Web-based games can also be used to add content to your site and provide additional incentive for people to keep visiting the site.
Standalone games on the other hand are usually developed through an IDE (Integrated Development Environment).
An IDE is basically an all-encompassing development environment, where the software code can be developed from start to finish.
The main way of generating profits from standalone games is of course selling to prospective gamers.
Standalone games can also incorporate advertising from other companies to generate additional profit, though this must be balanced with the gamers need for actual entertainment from the game.
To develop media such as graphics, sounds etc for your games you would need to use third-party tools as well as the main software development tool.
Interestingly, some tools which produce flash games can also produce stand-alone games as well from the same original code. Adobe Flash is one such tool.
Here's a final tip: Always try to look for free or possibly open source tools for programming games before considering more expensive commercial tools.
You'll be surprised at what tools you can find for free or for a very low price these days.
Difference Between concave and convex for 3D collisions
The objects you see in 3D games almost always use simpler 3D meshes to simulate collisions. This is to save on
processor usage.
Most game physics engines use convex meshes to simulate collisions between objects as well as calculate raytracing
(for instant-hit bullets, light rays etc).
Why? Because using convex meshes allows for much more optimized collision detection, rather than using concave meshes and other arbitrary meshes.
Modern engines are increasingly adding support for other types of meshes to be used in collision detection, but using convex meshes always remains the fastest method.
As a result it's important to know the difference between concave and convex. Here is the important difference, in plain language.
Concave meshes have at least one "dent", or one inward curve
Convex meshes have no inward curves.
How do you tell what is concave and what is convex?
The simplest method that I recommend is the line test.
A convex mesh will never let a straight line pass through more than two polygons, no matter where the line is drawn.
A concave mesh however allows a line to pass through two or more polygons.
What to do with more complex objects you ask?
Using simple convex geometry for collisions is fine for simple 3D objects, but sometimes you have more complicated 3D objects that need finer simulation.
The answer is simple: Use multiple convex meshes to handle collisions for complex 3D objects!
I hope you have learnt some of the essential basics on computer game design from this article. I look forward to seeing your creations.
By Damien Davidovic
Make The Most Of Your Computer
You can improve computer performance, even befor you enter in Windows. Let me introduce you with a BIOS. Your duty is to make the most of your digital friend. BIOS or Setup Utillity, like is sometimes caled, has many setings that you can turn in your favor. You will be able to change or even turn-off some of the setings. Befor changing any of the setings, is adviced to remember the original ones!!!
BASICS
To enter the BIOS you must be quick, you have only seconds befor Windows boot! When starting the PC start pushing the DELETE button, until open the BIOS screen.
a.) increasing boot speed is not only depending on Windows setings. First off all you could start turning off the floopy disk. In this days floopy disks are obsolite, so you don't needed. If yes, then leave it on.
b.) look for Boot Sequence. You can choice to Boot PC from Optican Disk or even from Network Card. Change the Sequence that the HDD is on the top!
c.) some BIOS have settings called Delay IDE Initial. This setting allove to force the system, to wait with perception of IDE unit. This setting is to be used only if you have some old HDD!
STABILITY
In BIOS you could set-up the password. So that the next time you start your computer you will be asked for password to procede to Windows. But if you forget that password, you will have some problems to solving this problem. In this problem i will write later.
a.) when you star your PC, you will see how much RAM you have and what other hardware items you have. You can easy turn off in BIOS the Power On Self Test, so the PC will start a little faster.
b.) for waching closely your HDD, you can turn-on the HDD SMART. It will inform you if you have any HDD problems! You can use this program to speed up your PC.
c.) if your computer freezes or starts by him self, then it is time to check the temperature of the motherboard and procesor. You can check in Hardware Monitor. If the temperature achives 85C, then shut down the PC and take it to service!!!
By Primoz
BASICS
To enter the BIOS you must be quick, you have only seconds befor Windows boot! When starting the PC start pushing the DELETE button, until open the BIOS screen.
a.) increasing boot speed is not only depending on Windows setings. First off all you could start turning off the floopy disk. In this days floopy disks are obsolite, so you don't needed. If yes, then leave it on.
b.) look for Boot Sequence. You can choice to Boot PC from Optican Disk or even from Network Card. Change the Sequence that the HDD is on the top!
c.) some BIOS have settings called Delay IDE Initial. This setting allove to force the system, to wait with perception of IDE unit. This setting is to be used only if you have some old HDD!
STABILITY
In BIOS you could set-up the password. So that the next time you start your computer you will be asked for password to procede to Windows. But if you forget that password, you will have some problems to solving this problem. In this problem i will write later.
a.) when you star your PC, you will see how much RAM you have and what other hardware items you have. You can easy turn off in BIOS the Power On Self Test, so the PC will start a little faster.
b.) for waching closely your HDD, you can turn-on the HDD SMART. It will inform you if you have any HDD problems! You can use this program to speed up your PC.
c.) if your computer freezes or starts by him self, then it is time to check the temperature of the motherboard and procesor. You can check in Hardware Monitor. If the temperature achives 85C, then shut down the PC and take it to service!!!
By Primoz
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